on-board and ground equipment of Unmanned Aircraft Systems UAS

An unmanned aircraft system (UAS) includes all systems used to control an unmanned aircraft (UAV). The UAS can include both the UAV itself, and ground control equipment, ground tracking equipment, and other systems that are necessary for the safe and efficient flight of the UAV. On-board equipment of BPS is a set of devices and systems that ensure safe and efficient flight performance and is an important component that ensures the safety and efficiency of UAS operation. On-board equipment includes the following main components: management and control systems, which are responsible for controlling the movement of the UAV, as well as for its launch, landing and other operations; navigation systems that provide navigation of BPS in the air space; communication systems; surveillance systems providing surveillance of the BPS environment; security systems. The management and control systems of the UAV include the following components: the control system itself, which is responsible for processing information from other system components and for executing the operator's commands, and a number of sensors that measure and determine certain flight and location parameters. UAV navigation systems include: a receiver of global navigation satellite navigation (GNSS) signals, which is the main navigation system for the UAV and provides accurate determination of coordinates, and an inertial navigation system (INS, ''), whose sensors provide determination of the position of the UAV in the space between receptions of GNSS signals. UAV wireless communication and data exchange systems provide communication between BPS and the operator at a distance of up to several kilometers. It is also possible to use satellite communication modems. BPS surveillance systems may include: cameras, lidar, thermal imagers, or even radar systems. UAV safety systems include emergency protection systems in the event of an accident. Countermeasure systems provide protection of the UAV against possible threats, such as interception or destruction. The power supply system provides the UAV with electricity. It can use the following types of power sources: batteries provide the UAV with electricity for short-distance flights; internal combustion engines provide the BPS with electricity for long-distance flights. The ground equipment of UAS is designed for management, control and maintenance of UAVs. This equipment may include: a ground control station that is used to control UAV flights, transmit commands and data, as well as receive video and photography from UAV; a ground tracking station whose equipment is used to track the location of the BPS; a ground charging station for charging UAS, which can be both stationary and portable; auxiliary equipment is equipment used to support the operation of the main ground equipment of the UAV (servers, laptops, monitors, antennas and other devices).